The Purpose-in-Life Test (PIL) was created for wide Internet audience. The test (the test time is about 10 minutes) is intended for advisory work and complex psychological diagnostics, can use for testing of teenagers and adults, aged 15 to 75.
Viktor Frankl (1959) was one of the first to emphasize the importance of studying meaning in life within psychology. Based on his experience in a World War II concentration camp, Frankl concluded that the primary motivation in humans is a 'will to meaning'. In his private practice as a psychiatrist, he found a large number of his patients suffered from symptoms of boredom, feelings of emptiness, and a lack of purpose in their life. He labelled this syndrome 'existential vacuum' or 'noogenic neurosis'.
Surveys are the most common assessment tool for the study of purpose, and Viktor Frankl (1959) developed the first psychological survey of purpose in life. Called the Frankl Questionnaire, this self-report measure consists of a relatively informal set of 13 questions. It was created to both assess Frankl's Will to Meaning assumption and to evaluate the degree of purpose present among his patients. He believed that when individuals were unable to find a purpose for their lives they suffered varying degrees of existential frustration, typically manifest as boredom, apathy, or depression. According to Frankl approximately 20% of patients seeking psychological counseling suffer from a severe lack of purpose in life (noogenic neurosis) and 55% of the general public suffers from at least some degree of purposelessness (existential vacuum) (Crumbaugh and Maholick 1964; Crumbaugh 1968). Frankl used his measure for clinical rather than research purposes.
Crumbaugh and Maholick agreed that the Frankl Questionnaire was limited as a research tool, so they created a new survey of purpose designed to apply "the principles of existential philosophy to clinical practice" (Crumbaugh and Maholick 1964, p. 200). In consultation with Frankl, Crumbaugh and Maholick (1964) developed the most widely used measure of purpose to date (Pinquart 2002). Their Purpose in Life Test (PIL) improves upon the Frankl Questionnaire, and as such it relies on Frankl's conception of purpose, or "the ontological significance of life from the point of view of the experiencing individual" (Crumbaugh and Maholick 1964, p. 201), and tests Frankl's Will to Meaning assumption (Crumbaugh and Maholick 1964, 1981).
The PIL consists of three parts: parts A, B and C. Since only part A is objectively scored, it is the only part that is regularly used in empirical studies of purpose. Part B asks participants to complete 13 sentences about purpose and Part C asks them to compose a paragraph about their personal aspirations. Part A originally consisted of 25-items, but following pilot tests about half of the items were discarded or revised and new questions were added. A 22-item measure resulted (Crumbaugh and Maholick 1964). For simplicity sake, two-reverse scored items are typically omitted in empirical studies using the PIL, leaving a 20-item measure (Crumbaugh 1968; Crumbaugh and Maholick 1981).
The test target: the Purpose-in-Life Test (PIL) allows to assess perceived meaning in your life and there is very useful tool for advisory work of psychologist!
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